What characterizes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is primarily characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that occurs in individuals who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. This condition can result from a variety of factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, but it is defined specifically by the absence of significant alcohol intake as a contributing factor.

The key aspect of NAFLD is that it signifies fat buildup—often greater than 5% of the liver's weight—without the influence of alcohol, differentiating it from alcoholic liver disease. It represents a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple steatosis (fatty liver) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to more severe liver diseases, including fibrosis and cirrhosis, over time.

Understanding NAFLD is crucial because it is increasingly common and associated with various health issues, but recognizing that excessive alcohol consumption is not a factor is essential in accurately diagnosing and managing this condition.