Liver disease commonly leads to fluid retention and swelling due to a complex interplay of physiological changes that occur when the liver is compromised. In conditions like cirrhosis, the liver's ability to synthesize proteins, especially albumin, is decreased. Albumin plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic pressure, which helps keep fluid within the bloodstream. When albumin levels drop, fluid can leak into the surrounding tissues, leading to edema, particularly in the legs and abdomen, known as ascites.
Additionally, liver disease can influence the regulation of hormones that control fluid balance, such as aldosterone. This can further exacerbate fluid retention, resulting in swelling in various parts of the body. Therefore, the connection between liver disease and fluid accumulation through these mechanisms makes fluid retention and swelling a common outcome in this condition.