What does a positive Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) result indicate about Nikki?

A positive Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) result indicates that Nikki has either been vaccinated against Hepatitis B or has recovered from a previous Hepatitis B infection. The presence of HBsAb is a marker of immunity to the virus, signifying that her immune system has successfully responded to either the vaccination or the natural infection.

In the case of vaccination, the immune response generates HBsAb without the individual ever having contracted the virus. Conversely, if Nikki had a past infection, a positive HBsAb would demonstrate that her body managed to fight off the infection and developed immunity.

This marker does not imply that she currently has an active infection, nor does it suggest she is a chronic carrier. Additionally, it does not indicate that she is at risk for developing Hepatitis B, as having these antibodies reflects immunity rather than vulnerability. The interpretation of positive HBsAb is a crucial aspect of understanding Hepatitis B serology and the individual's immune status regarding the virus.