What is the main characteristic of sclerosing cholangitis?

The main characteristic of sclerosing cholangitis is the inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts. This condition primarily affects the bile ducts, leading to their gradual destruction and narrowing. As the ducts become inflamed, fibrosis occurs, which is the formation of scar tissue. Over time, this scarring can restrict the flow of bile from the liver, which may result in damage to the liver itself and can also lead to secondary complications such as cholestasis (impaired bile flow) and liver cirrhosis.

Sclerosing cholangitis is often associated with other conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the characteristic inflammation and scarring helps healthcare professionals manage the disease effectively, as it can lead to significant liver complications if left untreated. The recognition of this primary feature is crucial in establishing an accurate diagnosis and providing appropriate care.