What is the primary purpose of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)?

The primary purpose of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is indeed to remove gallstones from the bile ducts. ERCP is a specialized procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the biliary or pancreatic ducts.

During the procedure, a flexible endoscope is inserted through the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the duodenum, allowing access to the ampulla of Vater where the bile and pancreatic ducts open. A contrast dye is injected into the bile duct system, enabling the visualization of stones, strictures, or blockages on X-ray images. If gallstones are detected in the bile duct, therapeutic interventions can be performed, such as sphincterotomy and stone retrieval using various techniques, including balloon sweeping or basket retrieval.

While there are other endoscopic techniques for diagnosing liver function or carrying out biopsies, these purposes are not the primary focus of ERCP. The primary aim is the effective management of biliary obstructions, particularly when gallstones are involved.