What is the relationship between cirrhosis and portal hypertension?

Cirrhosis directly causes portal hypertension due to the underlying pathophysiological changes associated with liver scarring and fibrosis. In cirrhosis, the normal architecture of the liver is severely disrupted, which leads to increased resistance to blood flow through the portal venous system. This resistance occurs because the fibrous tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, obstructing the vasculature. As a result, there is elevated pressure within the portal vein, leading to portal hypertension.

Portal hypertension is a significant complication of cirrhosis and is often associated with various clinical manifestations, such as the development of varices and splenomegaly. Understanding this relationship is crucial in managing patients with liver disease, as the presence of portal hypertension can exacerbate the complications related to cirrhosis and overall liver health.