What risks are associated with liver surgery?

Liver surgery, such as a resection or transplant, involves significant risks due to the organ's complexity and functionality. The potential complications include bleeding, which can occur during or after surgery due to the liver's high vascularity. Infection is another substantial risk, as any surgical procedure can introduce bacteria into the body, particularly in a surgical site that is already compromised. Moreover, there is a risk of liver failure, especially if the remaining liver tissue after resection is insufficient to maintain function or if the surgery is done on a liver that is already damaged or diseased.

In contrast, the other options provided do not directly reflect the risks associated with liver surgery. Improved liver function and reduction in medication needs may be outcomes of a successful surgery rather than risks. An enhanced metabolic rate is typically not a risk factor linked to liver surgery and may not accurately represent the physiological changes that occur during the recovery process. Overall, the complexities of liver surgery necessitate awareness of its associated risks, primarily bleeding, infection, and potential liver failure.